With professional mind mapping software, you can better learn and retain important concepts and ideas.Learn the essentials of mind mapping, including the history of mind maps, what the research says about them, how they're used, and how to draw one.
6 minute read
Want to create your own mind map? Try Lucidchart. It's fast, easy, and totally free.
What is a mind map?
A mind map is a free-flowing depiction of thoughts that branch out from a central concept. The diagram’s visual organization promotes brainstorming of ideas, effective note taking, stronger retention and impactful presentation. Mind mapping ranges from simple to elaborate, and may be either hand-drawn or computer-drawn. Depending on your purpose and time, the mind map can include artful, purposeful elements like pictures, drawings, curvy lines of varying thickness and multiple colors.
For a use case like real-time note taking or brainstorming, it may quickly and simply show how ideas, often expressed in just one to three words, radiate out from a central theme. A platform like Lucidchart allows this to occur intuitively, with items automatically resizing and rearranging. With more time, the diagram can become more artful and powerful in its impact. It may even become art. Other terms for mind maps are idea maps, spray diagrams, and radial trees.
Origins
British author and TV personality Tony Buzan popularized the term “mind map” in the 1970s in his BBC TV series, Use Your Head, and in his books, such as Modern Mind Mapping for Smarter Thinking. However, the concept of visually mapping out ideas dates back much further.
Porphyry of Tyre, a third century philosopher in Greece and Rome, is credited with visually mapping Aristotle’s Categories. His invention, the Porphyrian Tree, didn’t include illustrations, but other thinkers added those later. In the 13th Century, philosopher Ramon Llull also used this type of diagram, including an illustrated Porphyrian tree.
Many famous thinkers and innovators throughout history have been noted for organic, curving notes, often including drawings and doodles. These include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Thomas Edison and Mark Twain.
In the 1950s came the introduction of the semantic network, a theory of how people learn and the semantic relationships between concepts. In the 1960s, the theory was advanced by Allan M. Collins and M. Ross Quillian. In the 1970s, learning experts developed concept maps, which have a radial structure but aren’t organized around a central concept like mind maps are. Meanwhile, Buzan has said his mind map approach was inspired by Alfred Korzybski’s general semantics, popularized by science fiction writers such as Robert A. Heinlein and A.E. van Vogt. Buzan has said people often absorb information in a non-linear fashion, not always left to right and top to bottom, and mind maps are designed to play to that.
Related concepts include:
Sunburst chart:
A multi-level pie chart, also called a ring diagram.Spider diagram:
An extension of Venn diagrams and Euler diagrams. A spider diagram adds points to those, and joined together they form a spider shape.Mnemonic:
A memory device to improve learning. Mnemonics take many forms, such as acronyms, visual cues and sounds.Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram:
A diagram used to visualize system design in software engineering.
Want to create your own mind map? Try Lucidchart. It's fast, easy, and totally free.
Make a mind mapResearch behind mind maps
Several studies have shown that mind maps can promote better retention of ideas and relationships, given the diagrams’ visual impact. Tony Buzan says retention is further increased by interesting use of pictures, curvy lines, purposeful colors and few words. Here’s a sampling of the studies:
- In a 2005 user study by Glennis Edge Cunningham, 80 percent of high school biology students in the study reported better learning through the use of mind maps.
- In a 2002 study by Paul Farrand, Fearzana Hussain and Enid Hennessy, second-year and third-year medical students showed improved retention of material, though effectiveness depended on the students’ preferred methods of note taking.
- In a 2006 study by A.V. D’Antoni and G.P. Zipp, chiropractic students showed increased learning.
In other research regarding mind maps:
- In 2011, Joeran Beel and Stefan Langer reported on the content of mind maps. They found most users had created only a few maps (mean of 2.7), the average number of nodes was small (31), and the average node contained three words.
- Claudine Brucks and Christoph Schommer published a 2008 study on the automatic creation of mind maps from full text. T. Rothenberger and colleagues published a similar report that same year.
Versatile use cases
In education, business, computer science, or pretty much any field:
Mind maps are so versatile and easy to produce that they are widely used in education, the business world, computer science and other fields.Brainstorming:
Mind mapping is ideal for brainstorming ideas around a concept. It focuses thinking, giving rise to other thoughts and showing how they relate to each other. Individuals or teams can use it to unleash creativity while keeping on track.Note taking:
Students or business professionals can draw mind maps to capture and organize ideas from a lecture, presentation, meeting or brainstorming session. For more detail, you can add off-chart notes using a program like Lucidchart. Just click on the notes icon to see them.Studying and analyzing:
Studies have shown increased memory retention with mind maps. Even if you didn’t start with a mind map, you might create one from your notes to better understand and interpret the material.Decision making:
Mapping can help to think through the factors involved to arrive at a good decision.Presenting:
Mind maps can present ideas with visual impact. They are easily placed into programs like PowerPoint, Word, Excel and others.Personal development:
Think through a personal or career goal, solve a problem or envision your future by organizing your ideas in a mind map.Creative projects:
Plot out a story line, overcome writer’s block and open yourself to new ideas in any creative endeavor.Planning:
Plan an event, meeting or project with mind mapping.Precursor to other diagramming:
mind maps can be used in the early stages of a project to organize and focus it. Later, data may be more effectively presented with other types of diagramming, depending on the purpose and nature of the project.Art:
People have created beautiful mind maps as works of art, such as these recent examples.
How to draw a mind map
Define your central concept
in one to three words and place it in the middle of your page, either drawing on paper or using software such as Lucidchart. You can also use one of our mind map templates to easily get started.Place your ideas
around it as labels, boxed or unboxed, with lines radiating out from your central concept. Use short labels, even a single word, and keep branching out with each idea level.Turn the page sideways
(landscape) for easier spacing and branching.Collapse or expand branches
for easier spacing and branching.Use AI to generate more ideas
, or expand with questions to help build upon the idea.Use pictures,
if that fits your time and purpose. Pictures and illustrations can make the mind map more memorable.Use different colors
for each level of idea, creating visual organization. If you're hand-drawing, use color pens or a single multi-color pen. You might also use a hierarchy of label sizes and line thicknesses.Draw lines curvy or straight,
whichever works better for you. Some, like Buzan, say that curvy is more interesting.Develop your personal style,
baed on how you draw and think. There are few rules around mind mapping.Start simple
if there's a time constraint, whether you're hand-drawing or computer-drawing. You can add to it later. With an application like Lucidchart, you can use shortcuts to easily build your map, with boxes and colors arranged automatically. You might later add artful elements like pictures and curvy lines.Use AI to summarize
your entire mind map.Collaborate by sharing
and editing the mind map online.